A leaderboard score is only as trustworthy as the records underneath it. A capper rating system built well makes evidence easy to navigate; built badly, it hides missing evidence behind a single number. You will see how such a system stores each pick: publish time, original text, edits, line, odds, stake and settlement. Then come the verification states, from fully verified to late, void, disputed or excluded, so a pick can count as an opinion without counting toward executable-price ROI. The worked example shows rankings shifting once verification is applied. Missing evidence should never be treated as zero skill, and you will learn to ask any ranking why something was left out.
Learning objectives
- Distinguish observed public content from independently verifiable records.
- Reconstruct calculations and identify common data-quality traps.
- Apply procedures to paper-only examples and document uncertainty.
